The EU is facing many fundamental challenges to become climate neutral and environmentally sustainable, while pursuing recovery and growth, and ensuring a transition that is fair and just. Since the launch of the European Green Deal in 2019, the EU has intensified its response to these challenges; supported and complemented by competition policy. With specific consultations still ongoing, this policy brief explores how EU competition rules can complement environmental and climate policies more effectively. It summarises the key points taken from the debate launched in September 2020 by Executive Vice-President Margrethe Vestager and provides examples of concrete policy reform across the competition instruments of State aid, antitrust, and merger control.